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1. “Wish” sentence
Bài tập 1: Chia động từ trong ngoặc theo đúng thời.
Bài tập 2: Viết lại câu sao cho nghĩa không thay đổi
Đào Thị Thu Hiền @ 15:51 12/09/2011
Số lượt xem: 1680
Thức giả định
1. “Wish” sentence
A. Wish + to do/ wish somebody something/wish somebody to do something.
I wish to pass the entrance exam.
I wish you happy birthday.
I wish you to become a good teacher.
I wish you happy birthday.
I wish you to become a good teacher.
Chú ý: trong trường hợp này, chúng ta có thể thay thế “wish” bằng “want” hoặc “would like”
I would like/want to speak to Ann.
B. Wish (that)+ subject + past tense : thể hiện sự nuối tiếc trong hiện tại, điều không có thật ở hiện tại
I wish I knew his address. (thật ra tôi không biết địa chỉ của anh ta)
I wish I had a car.
I wish I were rich
I wish I had a car.
I wish I were rich
Chú ý: trong câu “wish” không có thật ở hiện tại, dùng “were” nếu là động từ tobe cho tất cả các ngôi.
C. Wish (that) + subject + past perfect: thể hiện sự tiếc nuối trong quá khứ
I wish I hadn’t spent so much money.(sự thực là tôi đã tiêu rất nhiều tiền)
I wish I had seen the film last night. (sự thực là tôi không xem phim tối qua)
I wish I had seen the film last night. (sự thực là tôi không xem phim tối qua)
D. A + wish (that) + B + would do something: phàn nàn hoặc muốn thay đổi tình huống hiện tại (A, B là hai người khác nhau)
I wish they would stop making noise.
I wish it would stop raining hard in summer.
2. “If only” sentence: giá như…..I wish it would stop raining hard in summer.
A. If only + present tense/future tense: diễn tả hi vọng trong tương lai
If only he comes in time = we hope he will come in time
If only he will listen to her = we hope he will be willing to listen to her
If only he will listen to her = we hope he will be willing to listen to her
B. If only + simple past: diễn đạt hành động không có thật ở hiện tại
If only there were snow in summer. We could go skiing.
If only he would join our party.
If only he would join our party.
C. If only + past perfect: diễn đạt hành động không có thật ở quá khứ
If only the Bush government hadn’t spead war in Irak, million people there wouldn’t have been killed.
D. If only ….would do….= person A wish person B would do something
You are driving too dangerously. If only you would drive slowly
= I wish you would drive slowly
3. “As if/as though” sentence= I wish you would drive slowly
A. As if/as though + simple past: diễn đạt hành động không có thật ở hiện tại
It’s very cold today. It looks as if/as though it were autumn now.(thực ra bây giờ đang là mùa hè)
B. As if/as though + past perfect: diễn đạt hành động không có thật ở quá khứ
The whole were seriously damaged. It looks as if it had been destroyed by bombs. (thực ra đó là do động đất)
C. As if/as though + present tense: diễn đạt hành động có thật
He appears running from a fierce dog.
–> It looks as if he is running from a fierce dog.
4. Other subjunctive structures–> It looks as if he is running from a fierce dog.
• It’s time somebody did something: đã đến lúc ai đó phải làm gì ở hiện tại.
The exam is coming. It’s time they worked hard.
Chúng ta có thể dùng cấu trúc “It’s high time somebody did something” để nhấn mạnh hơn ý muốn nói.
It’s high time we started.
• Person A would rather person B did something: đề nghị ai đó một cách lịch sự ở hiện tại
A: Would you mind if I smoke?
B: I’d rather you didn’t smoke.
B: I’d rather you didn’t smoke.
• Sau đây là một số các tính từ đòi hỏi mệnh đề sau nó phải ở dạng giả định, trong câu bắt buộc phải có that và động từ sau chủ ngữ 2 ở dạng nguyên thể bỏ to: advised, necessary, recommended, important,obligatory, required, imperative, mandatory, proposed, suggested
Lưu ý: Nếu muốn cấu tạo phủ định đặt not sau chủ ngữ 2 trước nguyên thể bỏ to.
It is necessary that he find the books.
It is necessary that he not find the books.
It has been proposed that we change the topic.
It has been proposed that we not change the topic.
It is necessary that he not find the books.
It has been proposed that we change the topic.
It has been proposed that we not change the topic.
Nếu bỏ that đi thì chủ ngữ 2 sẽ biến thành tân ngữ sau giới từ for, động từ trở về dạng nguyên thể có to và câu mất tính chất giả định trở thành dạng mệnh lệnh thức gián tiếp.
It is necessary for him to find the books.
It is necessary for him not to find the books.
It has been proposed for us to change the topic.
It has been proposed for us not to change the topic.
It is necessary for him not to find the books.
It has been proposed for us to change the topic.
It has been proposed for us not to change the topic.
Bài tập 1: Chia động từ trong ngoặc theo đúng thời.
1. I wish I (know) something about computers.
2. I wish the traffic (not make) so much noise everyday.
3. It’s high time the children (prepare) their lesson. They are watching TV now.
4. If only it (be) warm and sunny today. I’m fed up with snow and cold.
5. Everybody was exhausted. It looked as if they (work) hard.
6. I’d rather my teacher (give) fewer compositions tonight.
7. My neighbors always treat us as if we (be) their servants.
8. Nick is quite ready for the exam. It looks as if he (prepare) everything.
9. I wish it (not rain) heavily last Sunday.
10. They are making so much noise. It looks as if they (have) a party.
11. If only I (be) rich now so that I (buy) this expensive car.
2. I wish the traffic (not make) so much noise everyday.
3. It’s high time the children (prepare) their lesson. They are watching TV now.
4. If only it (be) warm and sunny today. I’m fed up with snow and cold.
5. Everybody was exhausted. It looked as if they (work) hard.
6. I’d rather my teacher (give) fewer compositions tonight.
7. My neighbors always treat us as if we (be) their servants.
8. Nick is quite ready for the exam. It looks as if he (prepare) everything.
9. I wish it (not rain) heavily last Sunday.
10. They are making so much noise. It looks as if they (have) a party.
11. If only I (be) rich now so that I (buy) this expensive car.
Bài tập 2: Viết lại câu sao cho nghĩa không thay đổi
1. He appears to be running away from your fierce dog.
–> It looks……………………………………..
2. I would love to be rich and famous.
–> If only………………………….
3. I’d love to be in a secluded beach in Mexico.
–> I wish………………………………………
4. I really think you ought to acquire a few manners.
–> It’s high time……………………………………
5. I’m really sorry I didn’t invite her to the party.
–> I really wish I………………………………..
6. Would you mind not smoking here?
–> I’d rather…………………………..
7. Please don’t say things like that.
–> I wish………………………
–> It looks……………………………………..
2. I would love to be rich and famous.
–> If only………………………….
3. I’d love to be in a secluded beach in Mexico.
–> I wish………………………………………
4. I really think you ought to acquire a few manners.
–> It’s high time……………………………………
5. I’m really sorry I didn’t invite her to the party.
–> I really wish I………………………………..
6. Would you mind not smoking here?
–> I’d rather…………………………..
7. Please don’t say things like that.
–> I wish………………………
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Đào Thị Thu Hiền @ 15:51 12/09/2011
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